Sialic acid kalma ce ta gama gari ga dangin kwayoyin sikari na acidic wanda galibi ana samun su a iyakar iyakar sarƙoƙin glycan a saman ƙwayoyin dabbobi da kuma a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin cuta. Wadannan kwayoyin suna yawanci a cikin glycoproteins, glycolipids, da proteoglycans. Sialic acid suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakai daban-daban na rayuwa, gami da hulɗar tantanin halitta, martanin rigakafi, da sanin kai daga wanda ba kai ba.
Sialic acid (SA), a kimiyance aka sani da “N-acetylneuraminic acid”, carbohydrate ne na halitta. An samo asali ne daga mucin a cikin glandan submandibular, saboda haka sunansa. Sialic acid yawanci ana samun su a cikin nau'in oligosaccharides, glycolipids ko glycoproteins. A cikin jikin mutum, kwakwalwa tana da mafi girman matakan salivary acid. Batun launin toka na kwakwalwa ya ƙunshi acid salivary sau 15 fiye da gabobin ciki kamar hanta da huhu. Babban tushen abincin salivary acid shine madarar nono, amma kuma ana samunsa a cikin madara, kwai da cuku.
Ga wasu mahimman bayanai game da sialic acid:
Bambancin Tsari
Sialic acid rukuni ne daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta, tare da nau'i daban-daban da gyare-gyare. Wani nau'i na kowa shine N-acetylneuramine (Neu5Ac), amma akwai wasu nau'o'in, irin su N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Tsarin sialic acid na iya bambanta tsakanin jinsuna.
Gane Surface Cell
Sialic acid yana ba da gudummawa ga glycocalyx, Layer mai arzikin carbohydrate a saman saman sel. Wannan Layer yana da hannu wajen gane tantanin halitta, mannewa, da sadarwa. Kasancewa ko rashin takamaiman ragowar sialic acid na iya shafar yadda sel ke hulɗa da juna.
Modulation System na rigakafi
Sialic acid yana taka rawa wajen daidaita tsarin rigakafi. Misali, suna da hannu wajen rufe fuskar tantanin halitta daga tsarin garkuwar jiki, tare da hana kwayoyin garkuwar jiki hari daga kwayoyin jikinsu. Canje-canje a cikin tsarin sialic acid na iya rinjayar martanin rigakafi.
Ma'amalar Viral
Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna amfani da sialic acid yayin aiwatar da kamuwa da cuta. Sunadaran saman hoto na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri na iya haɗawa da ragowar sialic acid akan sel masu masauki, yana sauƙaƙe shigar da ƙwayar cuta cikin tantanin halitta. Ana ganin wannan hulɗar a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta na mura.
Ci gaba da Ayyukan Neurological
Sialic acid suna da mahimmanci yayin haɓakawa, musamman a cikin samuwar tsarin juyayi. Suna shiga cikin matakai kamar ƙaurawar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da samuwar synapse. Canje-canje a cikin maganganun sialic acid na iya tasiri ga ci gaban kwakwalwa da aiki.
Tushen Abinci
Yayin da jiki zai iya haɗa sialic acid, ana iya samun su daga abinci. Misali, ana samun sialic acid a cikin abinci kamar madara da nama.
Sialidases
Enzymes da ake kira sialidases ko neuraminidases na iya raba ragowar sialic acid. Wadannan enzymes suna da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na ilimin lissafi da ilimin cututtuka, gami da sakin sabbin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daga ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan sialic acid, kuma ana ci gaba da bincika muhimmancin su a cikin matakai daban-daban na nazarin halittu. Fahimtar ayyukan sialic acid na iya samun tasiri ga filayen da suka kama daga ilimin rigakafi da ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa neurobiology da glycobiology.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-12-2023
