ʻO ka ʻakika Sialic kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ka ʻohana o nā molekala kōpaʻa ʻawaʻawa i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o waho o nā kaulahao glycan ma ka ʻili o nā pūnae holoholona a me kekahi mau huakini. Loaʻa kēia mau molekole i nā glycoproteins, glycolipids, a me nā proteoglycans. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā ʻakika Sialic i nā kaʻina olaola like ʻole, me ka launa pū ʻana o nā cell-cell, nā pane kūlohelohe, a me ka ʻike ʻana iā ia iho mai ka mea ʻole.
ʻO ka ʻakika Sialic (SA), i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻo "N-acetylneuraminic acid", he waiʻapona kūlohelohe maoli. Ua hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia ia mai ka mucin i loko o ka submandibular gland, no laila kona inoa. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka waikawa Sialic ma ke ʻano o ka oligosaccharides, glycolipids a i ʻole glycoproteins. I loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, loaʻa i ka lolo ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka wai salivary. He 15 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻakika salivary ma mua o nā kino o loko e like me ke ake a me ka māmā. ʻO ke kumu meaʻai nui o ka salivary acid ka waiū umauma, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka waiū, nā hua a me ka paʻakai.
Eia kekahi mau mea nui e pili ana i ka sialic acid:
Ka ʻokoʻa o ka hale
ʻO nā ʻakika Sialic he hui like ʻole o nā molekala, me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hoʻololi. ʻO kekahi ʻano maʻamau ʻo N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), akā aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā ʻakika sialic ma waena o nā ʻano.
ʻIke ʻili pūnaewele
Hāʻawi nā ʻakika Sialic i ka glycocalyx, ka papa momona momona ma ka ʻili o waho o nā cell. Hoʻopili kēia papa i ka ʻike cell, adhesion, a me ke kamaʻilio. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hele ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻole o nā koena sialic acid i ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana o nā cell me kekahi.
Ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale
Pāʻani nā ʻakika Sialic i ka modulation ʻōnaehana immune. No ka laʻana, pili lākou i ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻili o ke kelepona mai ka ʻōnaehana pale, e pale ana i nā cell immune mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā cell ponoʻī o ke kino. Hiki i nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā mamana sialic acid ke hoʻololi i nā pane kūlohelohe.
Nā Pilikino Viral
Hoʻohana kekahi mau maʻi i nā ʻakika sialic i ka wā o ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā protein surface viral i nā koena ʻakika sialic ma nā cell host, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kelepona. ʻIke ʻia kēia pilina ma nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole, me nā maʻi maʻi influenza.
Hoʻomohala a me ka hana Neurological
He mea koʻikoʻi nā waikawa Sialic i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. Hoʻopili lākou i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka neural cell migration a me ka synapse formation. Hiki i nā hoʻololi i ka ʻōlelo sialic acid ke hopena i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo a me ka hana.
Nā Puna Meaʻai
ʻOiai hiki i ke kino ke synthesize i nā waikawa sialic, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou mai ka meaʻai. No ka laʻana, loaʻa nā ʻakika sialic i nā meaʻai e like me ka waiū a me ka ʻiʻo.
Sialidases
Hiki i nā enzyme i kapa ʻia nā sialidases a i ʻole neuraminidases ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā koena ʻakika sialic. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau enzymes i nā kaʻina hana physiological a me nā pathological, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea maʻi virus hou i hana ʻia mai nā maʻi maʻi.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻakika sialic, a ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻimi ʻana i ko lākou koʻikoʻi i nā kaʻina olaola like ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kuleana o nā waikawa sialic hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena no nā kahua mai ka immunology a me ka virology i ka neurobiology a me ka glycobiology.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-12-2023
