Sialic acid yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau tsev neeg ntawm cov kua qaub qab zib molecules uas feem ntau pom nyob rau sab nraud ntawm glycan chains ntawm cov tsiaj hlwb thiab hauv qee cov kab mob. Cov molecules no feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv glycoproteins, glycolipids, thiab proteoglycans. Sialic acids ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam txheej txheem lom neeg, suav nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tes, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev lees paub ntawm tus kheej los ntawm tsis yog tus kheej.
Sialic acid (SA), kev tshawb fawb hu ua "N-acetylneuraminic acid", yog ib txwm muaj cov carbohydrates. Nws yog Ameslikas cais los ntawm mucin nyob rau hauv lub caj pas submandibular, li no nws lub npe. Sialic acid feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm oligosaccharides, glycolipids los yog glycoproteins. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, lub paj hlwb muaj qib siab tshaj ntawm salivary acid. Cov teeb meem grey ntawm lub hlwb muaj 15 npaug ntawm cov kua qaub ntau dua li cov khoom nruab nrog cev xws li daim siab thiab lub ntsws. Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm salivary acid yog mis niam, tab sis nws kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj, qe thiab cheese.
Nov yog qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb txog sialic acid:
Kev sib txawv ntawm tus qauv
Sialic acids yog ib pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov molecules, nrog rau ntau hom thiab kev hloov kho. Ib daim ntawv yog N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), tab sis muaj lwm hom, xws li N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Cov qauv ntawm sialic acids tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm hom.
Cell Surface Recognition
Sialic acids pab txhawb rau glycocalyx, txheej txheej carbohydrate nplua nuj nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm cov hlwb. Cov txheej no yog koom nrog hauv kev lees paub ntawm tes, adhesion, thiab kev sib txuas lus. Qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj sialic acid residues tuaj yeem cuam tshuam li cas cov hlwb cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg.
Immune System Modulation
Sialic acids ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Piv txwv li, lawv tau koom nrog hauv daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm tes los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tawm tsam lub cev ntawm cov hlwb. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv sialic acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Viral
Qee cov kab mob siv sialic acids thaum lub sij hawm kis kab mob. Cov kab mob saum npoo ntawm cov proteins tuaj yeem khi rau sialic acid residues ntawm cov tswv tsev cell, yooj yim rau kev nkag mus ntawm tus kab mob mus rau hauv lub cell. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog cov kab mob khaub thuas.
Kev loj hlob thiab Neurological Function
Sialic acids tseem ceeb heev thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub paj hlwb. Lawv koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem xws li neural cell migration thiab synapse tsim. Kev hloov hauv sialic acid qhia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Cov chaw noj zaub mov
Thaum lub cev tuaj yeem tsim cov sialic acids, lawv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev noj haus. Piv txwv li, sialic acids muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj xws li mis nyuj thiab nqaij.
Sialidases
Enzymes hu ua sialidases lossis neuraminidases tuaj yeem tshem tawm sialic acid residues. Cov enzymes no koom nrog ntau yam physiological thiab pathological txheej txheem, suav nrog kev tso tawm cov kab mob tshiab tsim los ntawm cov kab mob kis.
Kev tshawb fawb txog sialic acids tsis tu ncua, thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam txheej txheem lom neeg tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav. Kev nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm sialic acids tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob mus rau neurobiology thiab glycobiology.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-12-2023
