Sialic acid bụ okwu ọnụ maka ezinụlọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ sugar acidic nke a na-ahụkarị na nsọtụ mpụta nke ụdọ glycan n'elu mkpụrụ ndụ anụmanụ na ụfọdụ nje bacteria. Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a na-adịkarị na glycoproteins, glycolipids, na proteoglycans. Sialic acid na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime usoro ndu dị iche iche, gụnyere mmekọrịta sel-cell, nzaghachi mgbochi ọrịa, na nnabata nke onwe onye na-abụghị nke onwe.
Sialic acid (SA), nke sayensị maara dị ka "N-acetylneuraminic acid", bụ carbohydrate sitere na okike. Ọ bụ na mbụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na mucin na submandibular gland, n'ihi ya aha ya. A na-ahụkarị Sialic acid n'ụdị oligosaccharides, glycolipids ma ọ bụ glycoproteins. N'ime ahụ mmadụ, ụbụrụ nwere ọkwa salivary acid kachasị elu. Ihe isi awọ nke ụbụrụ nwere acid salivary ugboro 15 karịa akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime dị ka imeju na ngụgụ. Isi nri nke salvary acid bụ mmiri ara ara, mana a na-ahụkwa ya na mmiri ara ehi, akwa na cheese.
Nke a bụ ụfọdụ isi ihe gbasara sialic acid:
Ụdị Ọdịdị
Sialic acid bụ otu dị iche iche nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, nwere ụdị na mgbanwe dị iche iche. Otu ụdị a na-ahụkarị bụ N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), mana enwere ụdị ndị ọzọ, dịka N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Ọdịdị nke sialic acid nwere ike ịdị iche n'etiti ụdị.
Nkwenye dị elu cell
Sialic acid na-enye aka na glycocalyx, oyi akwa nwere carbohydrate n'elu elu nke sel. Igwe oyi akwa a na-etinye aka na njirimara cell, adhesion, na nzikọrịta ozi. Ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nke fọdụrụ n'ime sialic acid nwere ike imetụta ka mkpụrụ ndụ na-emekọrịta ihe.
Mgbanwe sistemu mgbochi
Sialic acid na-ekere òkè na mgbanwe usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha na-etinye aka n'ikpuchi elu cell site na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, na-egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ ịwakpo mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ. Mgbanwe na usoro sialic acid nwere ike imetụta nzaghachi mgbochi.
Mmekọrịta malitere ịrịa
Ụfọdụ nje na-erigbu sialic acid n'oge usoro ọrịa. Protein elu elu nke viral nwere ike jikọta na sialic acid residues na sel ndị ọbịa, na-eme ka nje ahụ banye n'ime cell. A na-ahụ mmekọrịta a na nje dị iche iche, gụnyere nje influenza.
Mmepe na Ọrụ Neurological
Sialic acid dị oké mkpa n'oge mmepe, karịsịa na nhazi nke usoro ụjọ ahụ. Ha na-etinye aka na usoro dị ka mbugharị cell neural na nhazi synapse. Mgbanwe na okwu sialic acid nwere ike imetụta mmepe na ọrụ ụbụrụ.
Isi mmalite nri
Ọ bụ ezie na ahụ nwere ike ịmepụta sialic acid, a pụkwara inweta ha site na nri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ahụ sialic acid na nri dị ka mmiri ara ehi na anụ.
Sialidases
Enzymes nke a na-akpọ sialidases ma ọ bụ neuraminidases nwere ike ihichapụ ihe sialic acid. Enzymes ndị a na-etinye aka na usoro ọmụmụ physiological na pathological dị iche iche, gụnyere ntọhapụ nke nje virus ọhụrụ etolite site na sel ndị butere ọrịa.
Nnyocha na sialic acid na-aga n'ihu, na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha mkpa ha na usoro ndu dị iche iche. Ịghọta ọrụ nke sialic acid nwere ike inwe mmetụta maka mpaghara sitere na immunology na virology ruo neurobiology na glycobiology.
Oge nzipu: Dec-12-2023
