A history of vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is an ancient drug, the first B vitamin to be discovered.
In 1630, the Netherlands physicist Jacobs · Bonites first described beriberi in Java (note: not beriberi).
In the 80s of the 19th century, the real cause of beriberi was first discovered by the Japan Navy.
In 1886, Dr. Christian · Ekmann, a Netherlands medical officer, conducted a study on the toxicity or microbial correlation of beriberi and found that chickens that consumed polished or white rice could cause neuritis, and eating red rice or rice husks could prevent or even cure the disease.
In 1911, Dr. Casimir Funk, a chemist in London, crystallized thiamine from rice bran and named it “vitamin B1″.
In 1936, Williams and Cline11 published the first correct formulation and synthesis of vitamin B1.
Biochemical functions of vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized by the body and needs to be taken through food or supplementation.
There are three forms of vitamin B1 in the human body, namely thiamine monophosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and thiamine triphosphate, of which TPP is the main form available to the body.
TPP is a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and cytosolic transketolase, all of which are involved in carbohydrate catabolism, and all of which exhibit reduced activity during thiamine deficiency
Thiamine plays a very important role in the body’s metabolism, and thiamine deficiency will cause a decrease in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), resulting in cellular energy deficiency; It can also bring about lactate accumulation, free radical production, neuroexcitotoxicity, inhibition of myelin glucose metabolism and the production of branched-chain amino acids, and ultimately lead to apoptosis.
Early symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency
Thiamine deficiency due to poor diet, malabsorption, or abnormal metabolism in the first or initial stage.
In the second stage, the biochemical stage, the activity of transketolases is significantly reduced.
The third stage, the physiological stage, presents general symptoms such as decreased appetite, insomnia, irritability, and malaise.
In the fourth stage, or clinical stage, a range of symptoms typical of thiamine deficiency (beriberi) appear, including intermittent claudication, polyneuritis, bradycardia, peripheral edema, cardiac enlargement, and ophthalmoplegia.
The fifth stage, the anatomical stage, can see histopathological changes due to damage to cellular structures, such as cardiac hypertrophy, cerebellar granule layer degeneration, and cerebral microglial swelling.
People who need vitamin B1 supplementation
Long-term high-intensity exercisers need vitamin B1 to participate in energy expenditure, and vitamin B1 is used during exercise.
People who smoke, drink, and stay up late for a long time.
Patients with chronic diseases, especially patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and recurrent respiratory tract infections.
In patients with high blood pressure, a large amount of vitamin B1 is lost in the urine because diuretics are commonly used in patients with high blood pressure. In addition, digoxin may also reduce the ability of heart muscle cells to absorb and use vitamin B1.
Precautions for the use of vitamin B1
1. When applied in large doses, the determination of serum theophylline concentration can be disturbed, the determination of uric acid concentration can be falsely increased, and urobilinogen can be falsely positive.
2. Vitamin B1 should be used before glucose injection for the treatment of Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
3. Vitamin B1 can generally be ingested from normal food, and monovitamin B1 deficiency is rare. If symptoms are deficient, a B-complex vitamin is preferred.
4. Must be taken according to the recommended dosage, do not overdose.
5. Consult a physician or pharmacist for children.
6 . Pregnant and lactating women should use under the guidance of a physician.
7. In case of overdose or serious adverse reactions, seek medical attention immediately.
8. Those who are allergic to this product are prohibited, and those with allergies should use with caution.
9. It is forbidden to use this product when its properties change.
10. Keep out of reach of children.
11. Children must be supervised by an adult.
12. If you are using other medicines, please consult your physician or pharmacist before using this product.
Post time: Aug-09-2024
