Asidi ya Sialic ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la banja la mamolekyu a shuga a acidic omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa unyolo wa glycan pamwamba pa ma cell a nyama komanso mabakiteriya ena. Mamolekyuwa amapezeka mu glycoproteins, glycolipids, ndi proteoglycans. Ma Sialic acid amatenga gawo lofunikira munjira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza kulumikizana kwa ma cell, kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi, komanso kudzizindikira kuti ndiwe weni wekha.
Sialic acid (SA), yomwe imadziwika kuti "N-acetylneuraminic acid", ndi chakudya chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe. Poyamba anali olekanitsidwa ndi mucin mu submandibular gland, motero dzina lake. Sialic acid nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a oligosaccharides, glycolipids kapena glycoproteins. M'thupi la munthu, ubongo umakhala ndi asidi ambiri a salivary. Imvi ya muubongo imakhala ndi asidi am'malovu kuwirikiza ka 15 kuposa ziwalo zamkati monga chiwindi ndi mapapo. Chakudya chachikulu cha asidi salivary ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, koma amapezekanso mu mkaka, mazira ndi tchizi.
Nazi mfundo zazikulu za sialic acid:
Kusiyanasiyana Kwamapangidwe
Sialic acid ndi gulu losiyanasiyana la mamolekyu, okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso zosintha. Mtundu umodzi wodziwika bwino ndi N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), koma pali mitundu ina, monga N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Mapangidwe a sialic acid amatha kusiyana pakati pa mitundu.
Kuzindikiridwa Kwama cell
Sialic acid imathandizira ku glycocalyx, gawo lakunja la ma cell lomwe lili ndi ma carbohydrate. Chigawochi chimakhudzidwa ndi kuzindikira kwa ma cell, kumamatira, komanso kulumikizana. Kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zotsalira za sialic acid zimatha kukhudza momwe maselo amalumikizirana.
Kusintha kwa Immune System
Sialic acid imathandizira kusintha kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Mwachitsanzo, amagwira nawo ntchito yophimba ma cell a chitetezo chamthupi, kuteteza maselo oteteza thupi kumenyana ndi maselo a thupi. Kusintha kwa ma sialic acid kungakhudze mayankho a chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kuyanjana kwa ma virus
Ma virus ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma sialic acid panthawi ya matenda. Mapuloteni amtundu wa ma virus amatha kumangirira ku zotsalira za sialic acid pama cell omwe akulandira, kupangitsa kuti kachilomboka kalowe muselo. Kuyanjana uku kumawonedwa mu ma virus osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma virus a chimfine.
Chitukuko ndi Ntchito Yaubongo
Sialic acid ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukula, makamaka popanga dongosolo lamanjenje. Amagwira nawo ntchito monga neural cell migration ndi synapse formation. Kusintha kwa mawu a sialic acid kumatha kukhudza kukula kwa ubongo ndi ntchito.
Zakudya Zakudya
Ngakhale kuti thupi limatha kupanga ma sialic acid, amathanso kupezeka pazakudya. Mwachitsanzo, ma sialic acid amapezeka muzakudya monga mkaka ndi nyama.
Sialidases
Ma enzyme otchedwa sialidase kapena neuraminidase amatha kung'amba zotsalira za sialic acid. Izi michere nawo zosiyanasiyana zokhudza thupi ndi pathological njira, kuphatikizapo amasulidwe atsopano kupangidwa tizilombo particles ku maselo kachilombo.
Kafukufuku wa ma sialic acid akupitirirabe, ndipo kufunikira kwake muzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo kukupitiriza kufufuzidwa. Kumvetsetsa ntchito za ma sialic acid kumatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo pamagawo kuyambira pakuteteza thupi ndi virology kupita ku neurobiology ndi glycobiology.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2023
