Carbohydrate isanzwe iboneka: Acide Sialic

Acide Sialic ni ijambo rusange kumuryango wa molekile ya sukari ya acide ikunze kuboneka kumpera yinyuma yiminyururu ya glycan hejuru yutugingo ngengabuzima ndetse no muri bagiteri zimwe. Izi molekile zisanzwe ziboneka muri glycoproteine, glycolipide, na proteoglycans. Acide Sialic igira uruhare runini muburyo butandukanye bwibinyabuzima, harimo imikoranire ya selile-selile, ibisubizo byubudahangarwa, hamwe no kwimenyekanisha wenyine.

Acide Sialic (SA), mu buhanga izwi nka "N-acetylneuraminic aside", ni karubone nziza. Ubusanzwe yari yitandukanije na mucin muri gland ya subandibular, niyo mpamvu izina ryayo. Acide Sialic iboneka muburyo bwa oligosaccharide, glycolipide cyangwa glycoproteine. Mu mubiri w'umuntu, ubwonko bufite aside irike nyinshi. Ibara ryubwonko ririmo aside salivary inshuro 15 kurenza ingingo zimbere nkumwijima nibihaha. Isoko nyamukuru ryibiryo bya acide salivary ni amata yonsa, ariko aboneka no mumata, amagi na foromaje.

Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi zerekeye aside sialic:

Imiterere itandukanye

Acide Sialic ni itsinda ritandukanye rya molekile, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye no guhindura. Imiterere imwe isanzwe ni N-acetylneuraminic aside (Neu5Ac), ariko hariho ubundi bwoko, nka aside N-glycolylneuraminic (Neu5Gc). Imiterere ya acide sialic irashobora gutandukana hagati yubwoko.

Kumenyekanisha Ubuso Bwakagari

Acide ya Sialic igira uruhare muri glycocalyx, karubone ya hydrata ikungahaye hejuru yinyuma ya selile. Iki cyiciro kigira uruhare mukumenyekanisha selile, gufatana, no gutumanaho. Kubaho cyangwa kubura ibisigisigi bya sialic acide birashobora kugira ingaruka kuburyo selile zikorana.

Immune Sisitemu

Acide Sialic igira uruhare muguhindura sisitemu yumubiri. Kurugero, bagira uruhare muguhisha utugingo ngengabuzima tuvuye muri sisitemu y’umubiri, bikabuza ingirabuzimafatizo kwirinda umubiri. Guhindura muburyo bwa acide sialic birashobora kugira ingaruka kumubiri.

Imikoranire ya virusi

Virusi zimwe zikoresha acide sialic mugihe cyo kwandura. Poroteyine zo hejuru za virusi zishobora guhuza ibisigisigi bya aside ya sialic kuri selile yakira, bikorohereza kwinjira muri selile. Iyi mikoranire igaragara muri virusi zitandukanye, harimo na virusi ya grippe.

Iterambere n'imikorere ya Neurologiya

Acide Sialic ningirakamaro mugihe cyiterambere, cyane cyane muburyo bwo gukora imitsi. Bagira uruhare mubikorwa nko kwimuka kwimitsi no kwimuka. Guhindura imvugo ya sialic aside irashobora kugira ingaruka kumikurire yubwonko n'imikorere.

Inkomoko y'ibiryo

Mugihe umubiri ushobora gusanisha acide sialic, urashobora no kuboneka mumirire. Kurugero, acide sialic iboneka mubiribwa nkamata ninyama.

Sialidase

Enzymes yitwa sialidase cyangwa neuraminidase irashobora gukuramo aside sialic. Iyi misemburo igira uruhare mubikorwa bitandukanye bya physiologique na patologi, harimo no kurekura uduce duto twa virusi twanduye muri selile zanduye.

Ubushakashatsi kuri acide sialic burakomeje, kandi akamaro kayo mubikorwa bitandukanye byibinyabuzima bikomeje gushakishwa. Gusobanukirwa uruhare rwa acide sialic birashobora kugira ingaruka mubice bitandukanye kuva immunologiya na virusi kugeza neurobiology na glycobiology.