Sialic acid ishoko rinozivikanwa kumhuri yemamorekuru ane acidic shuga anowanzo kuwanikwa kumagumo ekunze emaketani eglycan pamusoro pemasero emhuka uye mune mamwe mabhakitiriya. Aya mamorekuru anowanikwa mune glycoproteins, glycolipids, uye proteoglycans. Sialic acids inoita basa rakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzebhaibheri, kusanganisira kupindirana kwesero-sero, mhinduro dzemuviri wedziviriro, uye kuzivikanwa kwekuzvimiririra kubva kune asiri wega.
Sialic acid (SA), nesainzi inozivikanwa se “N-acetylneuraminic acid”, icarbohydrates inongoitika. Yakanga yakaparadzaniswa kubva mucin mu submandibular gland, saka zita rayo. Sialic acid inowanzowanikwa nenzira ye oligosaccharides, glycolipids kana glycoproteins. Mumuviri wemunhu, uropi hune huwandu hwepamusoro hwesalivary acid. Iro grey yeuropi ine ka15 salivary acid yakawanda kupfuura nhengo dzemukati dzakaita sechiropa nemapapu. Chikafu chikuru chesalivary acid mukaka wezamu, asi inowanikwawo mumukaka, mazai uye chizi.
Heano mamwe mapoinzi akakosha nezve sialic acid:
Kusiyana Kwemaitiro
Sialic acids iboka rakasiyana-siyana remamorekuru, ane mafomu akasiyana uye magadzirirwo. Imwe fomu yakajairika ndeyeN-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), asi kune mamwe marudzi, akadai seN-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Chimiro cheasilic acids chinogona kusiyana pakati pemarudzi.
Cell Surface Recognition
Sialic acids inobatsira kune glycocalyx, iyo carbohydrate-rich layer iri kunze kwemasero. Iyi layer inobatanidzwa mukuzivikanwa kwesero, kunamatira, uye kutaurirana. Kuvapo kana kusavapo kweiyo chaiyo sialic acid zvisaririra zvinogona kukanganisa kuti maseru anodyidzana sei.
Immune System Modulation
Sialic acids inoita basa mukugadzirisa immune system. Semuenzaniso, ivo vanobatanidzwa mukuvhara maseru kubva kune immune system, kudzivirira maseru ekudzivirira kurwisa masero emuviri wega. Shanduko mune sialic acid mapatani anogona kukanganisa mhinduro dzemuviri.
Viral Kudyidzana
Mamwe mavhairasi anoshandisa sialic acid panguva yehutachiona. Iyo hutachiona hwepamusoro mapuroteni anogona kusunga kune sialic acid masara pamasero anotambira, achifambisa kupinda kwehutachiona muchitokisi. Kudyidzana uku kunoonekwa mumavhairasi akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira mavhairasi efluenza.
Kubudirira uye Neurological Basa
Sialic acids yakakosha panguva yekukura, kunyanya mukuumbwa kwetsinga. Ivo vanobatanidzwa mumaitiro akadai seneural cell migration uye synapse formation. Shanduko mukutaura kweasilic acid inogona kukanganisa kukura kwehuropi nekushanda.
Dietary Sources
Nepo muviri uchigona kugadzira sialic acids, iwo anogona zvakare kuwanikwa kubva mukudya. Semuenzaniso, sialic acids inowanikwa mune zvekudya zvakaita semukaka nenyama.
Sialidases
Enzymes anonzi sialidases kana neuraminidases anogona kutsemura sialic acid. Aya ma enzymes anobatanidzwa mune akasiyana physiological uye pathological maitiro, kusanganisira kuburitswa kweachangobva kuumbwa hutachiona hwehutachiona kubva kumasero ane hutachiona.
Tsvagiridzo yeasilic acids iri kuenderera mberi, uye kukosha kwavo mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu zvinoramba zvichiongororwa. Kunzwisisa basa resialic acids kunogona kuve nezvakunoreva kuminda kubva kuimmunology uye virology kune neurobiology uye glycobiology.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2023
