Sialic acid waa erey guud oo qoyska molecules sonkorta acidic ah kuwaas oo inta badan laga helo cidhifyada ugu dambeeya ee silsiladaha glycan ee dusha unugyada xayawaanka iyo bakteeriyada qaarkood. Unugyadani waxay caadi ahaan ku jiraan glycoproteins, glycolipids, iyo proteoglycans. Sialic acids waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan hababka bayooloji ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan isdhexgalka unugyada-unugyada, jawaabaha difaaca, iyo aqoonsiga nafta aan ahayn nafta.
Sialic acid (SA), cilmi ahaan loo yaqaan "N-acetylneuramine", waa karbohaydrayt si dabiici ah u dhacda. Waxay asal ahaan ka go'day mucin ee qanjirka submandibular, sidaas darteed magaceeda. Sialic acid waxaa badanaa laga helaa qaab oligosaccharides, glycolipids ama glycoproteins. Jirka bini'aadamka, maskaxdu waxay leedahay heerarka ugu sarreeya ee salivary acid. Maaddada cawlan ee maskaxdu waxay ka kooban tahay 15 jeer in ka badan asiidh salivary ah oo ka badan xubnaha gudaha sida beerka iyo sambabada. Ilaha cuntada ugu muhiimsan ee salivary acid waa caanaha naaska, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa caanaha, ukunta iyo farmaajada.
Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah qodobbada muhiimka ah ee ku saabsan sialic acid:
Kala duwanaanshaha qaabdhismeedka
Sialic acids waa koox unugyo kala duwan ah, oo leh qaabab iyo wax ka beddello kala duwan. Hal nooc oo caan ah waa N-acetylneuramine (Neu5Ac), laakiin waxaa jira noocyo kale, sida N-glycolylneuramine (Neu5Gc). Qaab dhismeedka acids sialic waa ku kala duwanaan karaa noocyada.
Aqoonsiga dusha sare ee unugga
Sialic acids waxay gacan ka geysataa glycocalyx, lakabka karbohaydrayt-ka leh ee dusha sare ee unugyada. Lakabkani waxa uu ku lug leeyahay aqoonsiga unugga, adhesion, iyo isgaarsiinta. Joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha haraaga sialic acid ee gaarka ah waxay saameyn kartaa sida unugyadu ula falgalaan midba midka kale.
Habaynta Nidaamka Difaaca
Sialic acids waxay door ka ciyaaraan habaynta habka difaaca jirka. Tusaale ahaan, waxa ay ku lug leeyihiin in ay iska daboolaan sagxadaha unugyada hab-dhiska difaaca, iyaga oo ka hortagaya in unugyada difaaca ay weeraraan unugyada jidhka. Isbedelada qaababka sialic acid waxay saameyn karaan jawaabaha difaaca jirka.
Isdhexgalka Viral
Fayrasyada qaarkood waxay ka faa'iidaystaan sialic acids inta lagu jiro habka caabuqa. Borotiinnada dusha sare ee fayraska ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku xidhaan hadhaaga sialic acid ee unugyada martida loo yahay, taasoo fududaynaysa gelitaanka fayraska unugga. Isdhexgalkaan waxaa lagu arkay fayrasyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan fayraska hargabka.
Horumarinta iyo Shaqada Neerfaha
Sialic acids ayaa muhiim ah inta lagu jiro horumarka, gaar ahaan samaynta habdhiska dareenka. Waxay ku lug leeyihiin hababka sida guuritaanka unugyada neerfaha iyo samaynta synapse. Isbeddellada ku yimaadda odhaahda sialic acid waxay saamayn kartaa horumarka maskaxda iyo shaqada.
Ilaha cuntada
Halka uu jidhku ka samaysan karo sialic acids, waxa kale oo laga heli karaa cuntada. Tusaale ahaan, sialic acids waxaa laga helaa cuntooyinka sida caanaha iyo hilibka.
Sialidases
Enzymes loo yaqaan sialidases ama neuraminidases waxay kala saari karaan hadhaaga sialic acid. Enzymes-yadani waxay ku lug leeyihiin habab kala duwan oo nafsiyeed iyo cilmi-nafsiyeedka, oo ay ku jiraan sii deynta qaybo cusub oo fayras ah oo laga sameeyay unugyada cudurka qaba.
Cilmi-baadhis ku saabsan asiidhyada sialics-ka ayaa socda, iyo muhiimadda ay u leeyihiin hababka noole ee kala duwan ayaa sii socda in la sahamiyo. Fahamka doorarka sialic acids waxay saameyn ku yeelan kartaa qaybaha u dhexeeya immunology iyo virology ilaa neurobiology iyo glycobiology.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-12-2023
