Iasidi yeSialic ligama eliqhelekileyo losapho lweemolekyuli zeswekile ezineasidi ezihlala zifumaneka ekupheleni kwamatyathanga eglycan kumphezulu weeseli zezilwanyana nakwezinye iibhaktheriya. Ezi molekyuli zihlala zikhona kwi-glycoproteins, glycolipids, kunye neproteoglycans. Iiasidi zeSialic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, kubandakanya ukusebenzisana kweeseli, ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba, kunye nokuzamkela umntu ongenguye.
Iasidi yeSialic (SA), eyaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge “N-acetylneuraminic acid”, yicarbohydrates eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Yayikade yodwa kwi-mucin kwi-submandibular gland, ngoko ke igama layo. I-asidi ye-Sialic idla ngokufumaneka kwi-oligosaccharides, i-glycolipids okanye i-glycoproteins. Emzimbeni womntu, ingqondo inawona manqanaba aphezulu e-asidi yamathe. I-grey yengqondo iqulethe i-asidi ye-salivary ephindwe ka-15 kunamalungu angaphakathi anjengesibindi nemiphunga. Owona mthombo wokutya weasidi yesalivary lubisi lwebele, kodwa ikwafumaneka kubisi, amaqanda kunye netshizi.
Nazi ezinye iingongoma eziphambili malunga neasidi ye-sialic:
Ukwahluka kweZakhiwo
I-asilic acids liqela elihlukeneyo leemolekyuli, ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuguqulwa. Enye ifom eqhelekileyo yi-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), kodwa kukho ezinye iindidi, ezifana ne-N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Ubume be-asilic acids bunokwahluka phakathi kweentlobo.
UkuNakana koMphezulu weSeli
I-asilic acids inegalelo kwi-glycocalyx, i-carbohydrate-rich-rich layer kumphezulu wangaphandle weeseli. Lo maleko ubandakanyeka ekuqapheliseni iiseli, ukuncamathela, kunye nonxibelelwano. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho kweentsalela zeasidi ethile kunokuchaphazela indlela iiseli ezinxibelelana ngayo.
UkuModareyithwa kweNkqubo yoMzimba
Iiasidi ze-Sialic zidlala indima kwi-immune system modulation. Umzekelo, babandakanyeka ekugqumeni umphezulu weseli ukusuka kukhuselo lomzimba, ukuthintela iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba ekuhlaseleni iiseli zomzimba. Utshintsho kwiipateni ze-asilic acid zinokuchaphazela iimpendulo ze-immune.
Ukusebenzisana kwentsholongwane
Ezinye iintsholongwane zixhaphaza iiasidi ze-sialic ngexesha lenkqubo yosulelo. Iiproteni zomphezulu wentsholongwane zinokubophelela kwiintsalela zeasilic acid kwiiseli ezibambayo, ziququzelele ukungena kwentsholongwane kwiseli. Oku kusebenzisana kubonakala kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane.
Uphuhliso kunye noMsebenzi weNeurological
Iiasidi zeSialic zibalulekile ngexesha lophuhliso, ngakumbi xa kusenziwa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Babandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-neural cell migration kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-synapse. Utshintsho kwimbonakalo ye-asilic acid inokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo kunye nomsebenzi.
Imithombo yokutya
Ngelixa umzimba unokwenza iiasidi ze-sialic, zinokufunyanwa nasekutyeni. Umzekelo, iasilic acids zifumaneka ekutyeni okufana nobisi nenyama.
Sialidases
Ii-enzyme ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sialidase okanye i-neuraminidase zinokucanda iintsalela ze-asilic acid. Ezi enzymes zibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-physiological and pathological, kubandakanywa nokukhululwa kweentsholongwane ezisanda kwakhiwa kwiiseli ezosulelekileyo.
Uphando kwi-asilic acids luyaqhubeka, kwaye ukubaluleka kwabo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo kuyaqhubeka kuphononongwa. Ukuqonda iindima ze-asilic acids kunokuba neempembelelo kwiinkalo ukusuka kwi-immunology kunye ne-virology ukuya kwi-neurobiology kunye ne-glycobiology.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-12-2023
