I-Sialic acid yigama elijwayelekile lomndeni wama-athomu kashukela ane-asidi evame ukutholakala ekugcineni kwamaketanga e-glycan ebusweni bamaseli ezilwane nakwamanye amagciwane. Lawa ma-molecule ngokuvamile akhona kuma-glycoprotein, glycolipids, nama-proteoglycans. Ama-Sialic acid adlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezehlukene zebhayoloji, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana kwamaseli, ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, kanye nokuzazi komuntu ongeyena uqobo.
I-Sialic acid (SA), ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-N-acetylneuraminic acid”, i-carbohydrate eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Ekuqaleni yayihlukanisiwe ne-mucin ku-submandibular gland, yingakho igama layo. I-Sialic acid ivame ukutholakala ngendlela yama-oligosaccharides, glycolipids noma glycoprotein. Emzimbeni womuntu, ubuchopho bunamazinga aphezulu e-asidi yamathe. I-grey matter yobuchopho iqukethe i-asidi yamathe ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 kunezitho zangaphakathi njengesibindi namaphaphu. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla we-salivary acid ubisi lwebele, kodwa futhi itholakala obisini, amaqanda kanye noshizi.
Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana ne-sialic acid:
Ukuhlukahluka Kwesakhiwo
Ama-Sialic acid ayiqembu elihlukahlukene lama-molecule, anamafomu ahlukahlukene kanye nokuguqulwa. Olunye uhlobo oluvamile i-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo, njenge-N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Isakhiwo sama-asilic acid singahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo.
Ukuqashelwa Kobuso Beseli
Ama-sialic acid afaka isandla ku-glycocalyx, ungqimba olunothe ngama-carbohydrate endaweni engaphandle yamaseli. Lesi singqimba sihilelekile ekuqashelweni kwamaseli, ukunamathela, nokuxhumana. Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezinsalela ezithile ze-asilic acid kungaba nomthelela endleleni amaseli asebenzisana ngayo.
Ukuguqulwa Kwesistimu Yamasosha omzimba
Ama-sialic acid adlala indima ekuguquleni amasosha omzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, bahileleka ekufihleni izindawo zamangqamuzana avela esimisweni sokuzivikela ezifweni, bavimbele amangqamuzana omzimba ukuba ahlasele amangqamuzana omzimba. Izinguquko kumaphethini e-asilic acid zingathonya izimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba.
Ukusebenzisana Ngegciwane
Amanye amagciwane axhaphaza ama-asilic acid ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Amaprotheni angaphezulu kwegciwane angase abophe izinsalela ze-asilic acid kumaseli aphethe, enze kube lula ukungena kwegciwane engqamuzaneni. Lokhu kusebenzisana kubonakala kumagciwane ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namagciwane omkhuhlane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye Nokusebenza Kwezinzwa
Ama-sialic acid abalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhula, ikakhulukazi ekwakhekeni kwesimiso sezinzwa. Bahileleke ezinqubweni ezifana ne-neural cell migration kanye nokwakheka kwe-synapse. Izinguquko ekukhulumeni kwe-asilic acid zingathinta ukukhula nokusebenza kobuchopho.
Imithombo Yezokudla
Ngenkathi umzimba ungahlanganisa ama-sialic acid, nawo angatholakala ekudleni. Isibonelo, ama-asilic acid atholakala ekudleni okufana nobisi nenyama.
Ama-Sialidases
Ama-enzyme abizwa ngokuthi ama-sialidase noma ama-neuraminidase angahlukanisa izinsalela ze-asilic acid. Lawa ma-enzyme abandakanyeka ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ze-physiological and pathological, kuhlanganise nokukhululwa kwezinhlayiya zegciwane ezisanda kwakheka kumangqamuzana atheleleke.
Ucwaningo lwama-asilic acid luyaqhubeka, futhi ukubaluleka kwawo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kuyaqhubeka nokuhlolwa. Ukuqonda izindima zama-asilic acid kungaba nomthelela emikhakheni esukela ku-immunology kanye ne-virology kuya ku-neurobiology kanye ne-glycobiology.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-12-2023
