Umlando we-vitamin B1
I-Vitamin B1 umuthi wasendulo, uvithamini B wokuqala owatholwa.
Ngo-1630, isazi sefilosofi saseNetherlands uJacobs · Bonites sachaza okokuqala i-beriberi eJava (inothi: hhayi i-beriberi).
Ngama-80s wekhulu le-19, imbangela yangempela ye-beriberi yatholwa okokuqala yi-Japan Navy.
Ngo-1886, uDkt. Christian · Ekmann, isikhulu sezokwelapha saseNetherlands, wenza ucwaningo ngobuthi noma ukuhlobana kwamagciwane e-beriberi futhi wathola ukuthi izinkukhu ezidla ilayisi elipholile noma elimhlophe zingadala i-neuritis, futhi ukudla irayisi elibomvu noma amakhoba erayisi kungavimbela noma ukwelapha isifo.
Ngo-1911, uDkt. Casimir Funk, usokhemisi waseLondon, wenza i-thiamine ephuma kubran yerayisi wayicwebezela wayiqamba ngokuthi “uvithamini B1”.
Ngo-1936, u-Williams no-Cline11 bashicilela ukubunjwa okulungile kokuqala kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-vitamin B1.
Imisebenzi ye-biochemical ye-vitamin B1
I-Vitamin B1 iyivithamini encibilikayo emanzini engakwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngumzimba futhi idinga ukuthathwa ngokudla noma ukwengezwa.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zevithamini B1 emzimbeni womuntu, okuyi-thiamine monophosphate, i-thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) ne-thiamine triphosphate, okuyi-TPP okuyifomu layo eliyinhloko elitholakalayo emzimbeni.
I-TPP iyi-cofactor yama-enzyme amaningana abandakanyeka kumetabolism yamandla, okuhlanganisa i-mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, i-α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, ne-cytosolic transketolase, wonke abandakanyeka ku-carbohydrate catabolism, futhi wonke abonisa umsebenzi oncishisiwe ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kwe-thiamine.
I-Thiamine idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumetabolism yomzimba, futhi ukushoda kwe-thiamine kuzodala ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), okuholela ekuntulekeni kwamandla amaselula; Ingase futhi ilethe ukunqwabelana kwe-lactate, ukukhiqizwa kwama-radical mahhala, i-neuroexcitotoxicity, ukuvinjelwa kwe-myelin glucose metabolism kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-amino acid e-branched-chain, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ku-apoptosis.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokushoda kwe-vitamin B1
Ukuntuleka kwe-Thiamine ngenxa yokudla okungalungile, i-malabsorption, noma i-metabolism engavamile esigabeni sokuqala noma sokuqala.
Esigabeni sesibili, isigaba se-biochemical, umsebenzi we-transketolase uyancipha kakhulu.
Isigaba sesithathu, isigaba sokuphila, sibonisa izimpawu ezivamile ezifana nokuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, ukuqwasha, ukucasuka, nokugula.
Esigabeni sesine, noma isigaba somtholampilo, kuvela uhla lwezimpawu ezivamile zokuntuleka kwe-thiamine (i-beriberi), okuhlanganisa i-claudication, i-polyneuritis, i-bradycardia, i-peripheral edema, ukukhuliswa kwenhliziyo, kanye ne-ophthalmoplegia.
Isigaba sesihlanu, isigaba se-anatomical, singabona izinguquko ze-histopathological ngenxa yokulimala kwezakhiwo zamangqamuzana, njenge-cardiac hypertrophy, i-cerebellar granule layer degeneration, nokuvuvukala kwe-cerebral microglial.
Abantu abadinga ukwengezwa kwe-vitamin B1
Izivivinyo zesikhathi eside zokuqina okuphezulu zidinga uvithamini B1 ukuze zibambe iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, kanti uvithamini B1 usetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
Abantu ababhemayo, abaphuzayo, nabahlala kuze kuhlwe isikhathi eside.
Iziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona, ikakhulukazi iziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, kanye nezifo eziphindaphindekayo zepheshana lokuphefumula.
Ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme, inani elikhulu likavithamini B1 liyalahleka emchamweni ngoba ama-diuretics asetshenziswa kakhulu ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-digoxin ingase futhi yehlise ikhono lamangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo ukumunca nokusebenzisa uvithamini B1.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwe-vitamin B1
1. Uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo emikhulu, ukuzimisela kokuhlushwa kwe-serum theophylline kungaphazamiseka, ukuzimisela kokuhlushwa kwe-uric acid kunganyuswa ngamanga, futhi i-urobilinogen ingaba yinhle ngamanga.
2. I-Vitamin B1 kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphambi komjovo we-glucose ekwelapheni i-Wernicke's encephalopathy.
3. I-Vitamin B1 ingadliwa ngokujwayelekile ekudleni okuvamile, futhi ukuntuleka kwe-monovitamin B1 kuyivelakancane. Uma izimpawu zishoda, kukhethwa i-vitamin B-complex.
4. Kumele kuthathwe ngokwesilinganiso esinconywayo, ungadlulisi ngokweqile.
5. Xhumana nodokotela noma usokhemisi wezingane.
6 . Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele basebenzise ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.
7. Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa noma ukusabela okubi kakhulu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
8. Labo abangezwani nalo mkhiqizo abavunyelwe, futhi labo abane-allergies kufanele bayisebenzise ngokuqapha.
9. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo lapho izakhiwo zawo zishintsha.
10. Gcina endaweni lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona.
11. Izingane kufanele zigadwe umuntu omdala.
12. Uma usebenzisa eminye imithi, sicela uthintane nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-09-2024
